De alvo a ator coerção comercial, minerais críticos e o poder de barganha geoeconômico do Brasil

Abstract

This article investigates the legal problem of the absence of an integrated normative-strategic framework in Brazil for the exercise
of bargaining power in the contemporary international system. Based on three analytical vectors - US tariff coercion, the dispute over critical minerals, and the entry into force of the Mercosur-EU Agreement - it is argued that Brazil holds unprecedented, yet paradoxically underexploited, structural geoeconomic bargaining power. The central thesis proposes that the country transitions from a target position to a geoeconomic actor by structuring three pillars: the strategic export regulation of critical minerals
compatible with the World Trade Organization (WTO), domestic carbon pricing as a geoeconomic credential, and an active multilateral legal diplomacy. The original contribution lies in the formulation, unprecedented in the Brazilian legal literature, of a three-dimensional geoeconomic framework focused on Brazil’s competitive and resilient insertion.