Geoeconomia das tecnologias críticas auditabilidade, reversibilidade e interoperabilidade como critérios de autonomia estratégica no Brasil

Abstract

This article examines how geoeconomic vulnerabilities in critical technologies manifest in Brazil through post-acquisition dependencies that exceed supplier nationality concerns. It argues that strategic autonomy in critical infrastructure, including defense, public security, energy, and telecommunications, is not a function of isolated procurement but of state capacity to govern technological lifecycle through three operational criteria: auditability, which means inspecting and verifying systems; reversibility, which implies migrating data and switching suppliers; and interoperability, which involves integrating with national ecosystems.
Through institutional and comparative analysis of regulatory frameworks from Brazil, the United States, Europe, and multilateral organizations regarding artificial intelligence governance, cybersecurity, data, and strategic procurement, the article identifies critical gaps in cross-cutting post-acquisition governance enforceability. The diagnosis reveals that functional dependency, a long-term phenomenon after formal delivery, is as consequential as initial procurement dependency and often more durable and less visible in trade statistics. Six policy measures regarding contracting and institutional governance are proposed to reduce structural
vulnerabilities in critical technology systems.