Nova política industrial norte-americana e suas repercussões no comércio internacional

Abstract

This article examines the trajectory of the United States’ industrial policy, highlighting the transition from the liberal/neoliberal
paradigm to a model of explicit state intervention. Although industrial policies are not new in U.S. history — with examples ranging from the New Deal to the “disguised” measures of the Reagan administration and the post-2008 crisis programs — the unilateral and aggressive approach adopted by the Trump administration represents a significant rupture. The imposition of large-scale tariffs, especially against China, the emphasis on reshoring and “Buy American” provisions, as well as the confrontational rhetoric toward trade partners, reveal a departure from the multilateral principles that shaped the post-war international  system. Accordingly, this article analyzes Trumpist industrial policy from two perspectives: as a continuation of a legitimate tradition of economic and technological strengthening, and as a normative rupture that undermines multilateral governance, generates trade tensions, and
threatens the stability of global value chains.