Empirical analysis of provisions related to stateowned enterprises in preferential trade agreements – an international economic law approach
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Abstract
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) represent an important challenge for International Economic Law, as they are increasingly active in trade and investment and compete with private companies. One of the most important fora through which their economic activity can be regulated is Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). This article presents the results of an extensive empirical analysis conducted with all the PTAs in force in September 2020 that contained provisions related to SOEs. The agreements were assessed based on four criteria: (a) definition for SOEs, (b) relation to WTO commitments to SOEs, (c) SOEs related provisions in the investment chapters and (d) in the competition chapters.
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