O silêncio não é sustentável por que diretrizes sobre acordos de sustentabilidade são essenciais

Conteúdo do artigo principal

Ana Carolina Folgosi Bittar
Fernanda Hormung Victor
Mariana Llamazalez Ou

Resumo

O objetivo principal desse artigo é explorar a relevância do direito concorrencial no contexto da análise de acordos de sustentabilidade celebrados entre concorrentes. O artigo aborda como as diretrizes relacionadas a tais acordos não implicam uma ampliação dos objetivos do direito concorrencial nem representam uma completa divergência da abordagem tradicional em matéria antitruste. Além disso, o artigo examina como outras autoridades e instituições estão tratando esse assunto. O artigo também busca enfatizar a necessidade de a autoridade concorrencial brasileira abordar essa questão e estabelecer suas próprias diretrizes para garantir que a busca por maior sustentabilidade não viole a concorrência. Assim, esse artigo busca promover um diálogo sobre como o direito concorrencial pode contribuir com os esforços em prol da sustentabilidade, destacando a importância de uma abordagem equilibrada e responsável para o desenvolvimento de acordos entre empresas concorrentes que visam um impacto positivo no meio ambiente e, indiretamente, na sociedade como um todo.

Detalhes do artigo

Como Citar
Bittar, A. C. F., Victor, F. H., & Ou, M. L. (2023). O silêncio não é sustentável: por que diretrizes sobre acordos de sustentabilidade são essenciais. Revista Do IBRAC, 2(2), 63–87. Recuperado de https://revista.ibrac.org.br/index.php/revista/article/view/200
Edição
Seção
Artigos
Biografia do Autor

Ana Carolina Folgosi Bittar

Advogada sênior da área de Direito Concorrencial do Mattos Filho. Master of Laws (LL.M) em Law, Science & Technology pela Stanford Law School (2019). Mestre em Direito pela Fundação Getúlio Vargas (2015). Graduação em Direito pela Universidade de São Paulo (2011).

Fernanda Hormung Victor

Advogada da área de Direito Concorrencial do Mattos Filho. Graduação em Direito pela Universidade de Brasília – UnB (2020)

Mariana Llamazalez Ou

Advogada da área de Direito Concorrencial do escritório Demarest. Pós-graduação em Finanças e Economia da Escola de Economia de São Paulo, da Fundação Getúlio Vargas – FGV EESP (2021). Graduação em Direito pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC/SP (2018) e bacharel em Ciências Contábeis pelo Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial – SENAC (2020).

Referências

AUTHORITY FOR CONSUMERS & MARKETS (ACM). Shell and TotalEnergies can collaborate in the storage of CO2 in empty North Sea gas fields, June 27, 2022. Available at: https://www.acm.nl/en/publications/acm-shell-and-totalenergies-can-collaborate-storage-co2-emptynorth-sea-gas-fields#:~:text=Following%20an%20assessment%20of%20their,fields%20in%20the%20North%20Sea. Access on August 24, 2023.

AUTHORITY FOR CONSUMERS & MARKETS (ACM). Guidelines Sustainability claims, 2021. Available at: https://www.acm.nl/system/files/documents/guidelines-sustainability-claims.pdf. Access on August 24, 2023.

AUTHORITY FOR CONSUMERS & MARKETS (ACM). Second draft version: Guidelines on Sustainability Agreements – Opportunities within competition law. Available at: https://www.acm.nl/sites/default/files/documents/second-draft-version-guidelines-on-sustainability-agreements-oppurtunities-within-competition-law.pdf Access on August 24, 2023.

AUTHORITY FOR CONSUMERS & MARKETS (ACM). ACM is favorable to joint agreement between soft-drink suppliers about discontinuation of plastic handles, July 26, 2022. Available at: https://www.acm.nl/en/publications/acm-favorable-joint-agreement-between-soft-drink-suppliersabout-discontinuation-plastic-handles Access on August 24, 2023.

AUSTRIAN FEDERAL COMPETITION AUTHORITY (AFCA). Guidelines on the Application of Sec. 2 para. 1 Cartel Act to Sustainability Cooperations. Available at: https://www.bwb.gv.at/fileadmin/user_upload/AFCA_Sustainability_Guidelines_English_final.pdf Access on August 24, 2023.

BRAZIL. CADE’s Resolution No. 17, of October 18, 2016. Available at: https://sei.cade.gov.br/sei//controlador_externo.php?acao=documento_conferir&codigo_verificador=0253915&codigo_crc=8EB291C3&hash_download=a3a7f7c4cbbb04775201fc622d85953a1325ea702c1cd6aaaeaeea9b182e469db4b57fe6c328cf849f4275b476370ba390395a8c0392de77568f061f54d44040&visualizacao=1&id_orgao_acesso_externo=0 Access on August 27, 2023.

BRAZIL. Law No. 12.529, November 30, 2011. Available at: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2011-2014/2011/lei/l12529.htm Access on August 27, 2023.

BRAZIL’S GREEN MONITOR. Foreign Trade and International Affairs Secretariat for International Economic Affairs International Financial Markets Unit. Available at: https://www.gov.br/produtividade-e-comercio-exterior/pt-br/assuntos/assuntos-economicos-internacionais/acompanhamentoeconomico/brazil-green-monitor/brazil_green_monitor-2022-04.pdf Access on August 21, 2023.

BRAZIL. ONU confirma Belém (PA) como sede da COP-30, a conferência para o clima. Available https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/acompanhe-oplanalto/noticias/2023/05/onu-confirma-belem-pa-como-sede-da-cop-30conferencia-para-o-clima Access on September 8, 2023.

BRAZIL. CADE. Merger Case No. 08700.009905/2022-83. Reporting Commissioner Sérgio Costa Ravagnani. CADE’s Tribunal decision issued on June 21, 2023.

BRAZIL. CADE. Merger Case No. 08700.009764/2015-70 (Applicants: Alumbra Produtos Elétricos e Eletrônicos Ltda., LPS Distribuidora de Materiais Elétricos Ltda. and others).

BRAZIL. CADE. Merger Case No. 08700.006989/2017-36 (Applicants: Instituto Jogue Limpo and others).

BRAZIL. CADE. Merger Case No. 08700.012602/2015-19 (Applicants: Associação Brasileira da Indústria Elétrica e Eletrônica and Sindicato da Indústria de Aparelhos Elétricos, Eletrônicos e Similares do Estado de São Paulo).

BRAZIL. CADE. Merger Case No. 08700.004293/2022-32. Reporting Commissioner Gustavo Augusto Freitas de Lima. CADE’s Tribunal decision issued on December 14, 2022.

BRAZIL. CADE. Merger Case No. 08700.009905/2022-83. Reporting Commissioner Sérgio Costa Ravagnani. CADE’s Tribunal decision issued on June 21, 2023.

BRAZIL. Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change. 'Queremos 100% de energia limpa', afirma Lula. Available at https://www.gov.br/mma/pt-br/queremos-100-de-energia-limpa-afirmalula Access on September 8, 2023.

BRAZIL. Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement. Available https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/Updated%20-%20%20First%20NDC%20-%20%20FINAL%20-%20PDF.pdf Access on September 8, 2023.

CANDIL, Ana Paula. CADE must not expand its scope of analysis beyond consumer welfare standard, agency President Cordeiro says. MLex. Published on October 14, 2022. Available at: https://content.mlex.com/#/content/1329413?referrer=email_instantcontentset Access on August 27, 2023.

CANDIL, Ana Paula. Joint ventures formed by major players to exchange information a 'Pandora's box,' CADE’s de Lima says. MLex. Published on January 28, 2023. Available at: https://content.mlex.com/#/content/1481283/joint-ventures-formed-by-major-players-to-exchange-information-a-pandora-s-box-cade-s-de-lima-says?referrer=search_linkclick. Access on August 27, 2023.

CANDIL, Ana Paula. Mercedes-Benz, BMW, others withdraw global automobile joint venture under review in Brazil. MLex. Published on January 26, 2023. Available at: https://content.mlex.com/#/content/1445383/mercedes-benz-bmw-others-withdraw-global-automobile-joint-venture-underreview-in-brazil?referrer=content_seehereview. Access on August 27, 2023.

COMPETITION AND MARKETS AUTHORITY (CMA). Draft guidance on the application of the Chapter I prohibition in the Competition Act 1998 to environmental sustainability agreement. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1139264/Draft_Sustainability_Guidance_document__.pdf Access on August 24, 2023.

COMPETITION & CONSUMER COMMISSION OF SINGAPORE. Draft Guidance Note on Business Collaborations pursuing Environmental Sustainability Objectives. Available at: https://www.cccs.gov.sg/media-andconsultation/newsroom/media-releases/sustainability-guidance-note-forbusiness-collaboration-public-consult-20-july-23 Access on August 24, 2023.

DOLMANS, Maurits. Sustainability Agreements and Antitrust – Three Criteria to Distinguish Beneficial Cooperation from Greenwashing. 7 set. 2021. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3920369 Access on August 26, 2023.

DOLMANS, Maurits. The 'polluter Pays' Principle as a Basis for Sustainable Competition Policy. In: HOLMES, Simon; SNOEP, Maarten; MIDDELSCHULTE, Dennis (eds.). Competition Law & Environmental Sustainability. Concurrences, 2020. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3735561 Access on August 26, 2023.

EMBRAPA. Ciência e tecnologia tornaram o Brasil um dos maiores produtores mundiais de alimentos. Available at https://www.embrapa.br/buscade-noticias/-/noticia/75085849/ciencia-e-tecnologia-tornaram-o-brasil-umdos-maiores-produtores-mundiais-de-alimentos#:~:text=Em%202021%2C%20o%20Pa%C3%ADs%20registrou,gerado%20aqui%2C%20lideran%C3%A7a%20absoluta%20no. Access on September 8, 2023.

GREENPEACE, INC. The Climate Emergency Unpacked. Washington D.C. In: Greenpeace Reports. Washington D.C., September 14, 2021. Available at: https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/reports/the-climate-emergencyunpacked/. Published on September 2021. Access on August 27, 2023.

HELLENIC COMPETITION COMMISSION. Technical Report on Sustainability and Competition. Available at: https://www.epant.gr/en/enimerosi/publications/research-publications/item/1284-technical-report-on-sustainability-and-competition.html Access on August 24, 2023.

HOLMES, Simon. Climate change, sustainability, and competition law. Journal of Antitrust Enforcement, Volume 8, Issue 2, July 2020, Pages 354–405. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/antitrust/article/8/2/354/5819564 Access on August 29, 2023.

INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC). How competition policy acts as a barrier to climate action, November 2022. Available at: https://iccwbo.org/news-publications/policies-reports/how-competitionpolicy-acts-as-a-barrier-to-climate-action/ Access on August 26, 2023.

INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (ICC). When Chilling Contributes to Warming How Competition Policy Acts As a Barrier to Climate Action, November 2022. Available at: https://iccwbo.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/11/when-chilling-contributes-to-warming-2.pdf Access on August 26, 2023.

IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 3056 pp., doi:10.1017/9781009325844. Available at https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6/wg2/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FullReport.pdf Access on September 8, 2023.

JAPAN FAIR TRADE COMMISSION. Draft Guidelines Concerning the Activities of Enterprises Toward the Realization of a Green Society under the Antimonopoly Act. Available at: https://www.jftc.go.jp/en/pressreleases/yearly-2023/January/230118EN3.pdf Access on August 24, 2023.

McKinsey & Company. The green hidden gem – Brazil’s opportunity to become a sustainability powerhouse, November 2022. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/br/en/our-insights/all-insights/the-green-hidden-gem-brazils-opportunity-to-become-a-sustainability-powerhouse Access on August 21, 2023.

OECD (2020), Sustainability and Competition, OECD Competition Committee Discussion Paper, https://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/sustainability-and-competition-2020.pdf Access on August 26, 2023.

SCHINKEL, M. P.; SPIEGEL, Y. Can collusion promote sustainable consumption and production? Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 87, p. 116-134, 2018. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167718716300327 Access on August 29, 2023.

SCHINKEL, Maarten Pieter; TREUREN, Leonard. Green Antitrust: (More) Friendly Fire in the Fight against Climate Change. In: HOLMES, S.; MIDDELSCHULTE, D.; SNOEP, M. (eds.). Competition Law, Climate Change & Environmental Sustainability. Concurrences, 2021. Amsterdam Law School Research Paper No. 2020-72, Amsterdam Center for Law & Economics Working Paper No. 2020-07. University of Amsterdam - Department of Economics and KU Leuven - Department of Economics, 2020. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3749147 Access on August 29, 2023.

SCOTT, Inara. Antitrust and socially responsible collaboration: A chilling combination. American Business Law Journal, v. 53, 2016, p. 97. Available at: https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ambuslj53&div=7&id=&page= Access on August 29, 2023.

SCHINKEL, Maarten Pieter; TREUREN, Leonard. Green Antitrust: Why Would Restricting Competition Induce Sustainability Efforts? Promarket, 2021. Available at: https://www.promarket.org/2021/03/26/green-antitrustwhy-would-restricting-competition-induce-sustainability-efforts/ Access on August 29, 2023.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. U.S. Embassy & Consulates In Brazil. Fact Sheet: U.S.-Brazil Environmental Cooperation (2023). Available at: https://br.usembassy.gov/fact-sheet-u-s-brazil-environmental-cooperation/#:~:text=sustainable%20economic%20performance.-,Climate%20Change,eliminate%20illegal%20deforestation%20by%202028. Access on August 21, 2023.